Research Article

Characterization of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Figure 3

Frequency (%) of CD4+ (TH) cells positive for the signature cytokines (a–e) and homing molecules (f–i) of the different TH subsets (TH1, TH2, TH17, and TH22) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from control subjects () and patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (). The analyzed samples were cultured for 48 h in the absence of stimulus (white) or in the presence of anti-CD3, anti-CD28, and anti-CD2 antibody-coated beads (grey), with the addition of PMA plus calcium ionophore in the last 6 h of incubation. ; comparison between stimulated and unstimulated cells (Wilcoxon matched pairs test); #comparison between control cells and AAA peripheral cells (Mann-Whitney test).
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