The dressing was composed of sterile gauze for topical use, with an extract of A. vera in gel (1.5 ml), collagen (2.0 g), glycerin (5.3 ml), and paraben (0.1 g) preservatives included in its composition.
Treatment with the product ceased on August 22, for a total treatment duration of 2 months 11 days. The healing process was complete.
20 ml intravenously every 12 h from the day of surgery until 3 days after surgery.
At 4 days after surgery, the women in the control group had significantly more ischemia and necrosis compared with group 2 (Salvia miltiorrhiza, ) and group 3 (anisodamine, ). No significant difference was found between groups 2 and 3 on postoperative day 4 (). Similarly, on day 8, ischemia and necrosis in group 1 (control) were significantly more severe than in groups 2 and 3 (both ).
The test product tube was opened, and the product was applied drop by drop on the boundary of the wound such that the product formed a thin film over the entire wound surface. The wound was then covered with sterile cotton gauze to allow some air circulation. The wound was examined twice daily and cleaned if necessary, and fresh product was applied in an identical fashion.
The reduction of the mean wound surface area was much faster in the AS-21-treated group (reduction from 52.03 ± 36.66 cm2 on day 0 to 16.7 ± 20.5 cm2 [67.90%] on day 21 and 2.13 ± 3.86 cm2 [97.87%] on day 42). Complete healing was observed in 19 of 69 wounds (27.53%) after 4 weeks and in 41 of 69 wounds (59.4%) after 6 weeks. All of these results were statistically significant compared with the corresponding placebo values from day 14 onward ().
Treatment consisted of once-daily washings of the ulcerated area with clean boiled water and neutral soap followed by application of the hydrogel. The lesion was then covered with a simple dressing and compression bandage.
With this experimental treatment, 57.89% of the patients presented therapeutic efficacy at the end of week 4 of treatment, and nearly 100% presented therapeutic efficacy at the end of week 8. In the placebo group, only one patient presented therapeutic efficacy at week 6 ().
The study ointment was applied to the excision site by a medical assistant. The evaluating physicians were blinded to treatment. The excision site was then covered with a nonoclusive dressing. On day 0, the study ointment was provided to the patient in a concealed container, and the patients were instructed to apply the ointment twice daily to the site and cover it with a nonoclusive dressing.
The oregano ointment group had lower scar assessment scores (i.e., closer to normal skin) compared with the petrolatum group with regard to color, stiffness, thickness, and irregularity. The oregano ointment group presented statistically significant improvement in color compared with the petrolatum group on day 12 () and day 45 (). Scar assessment by the physicians indicated that the oregano ointment group had lower scar scores, with closer to normal skin, than the petrolatum group in all five categories: pigmentation, vascularity, thickness, relief, and pliability. In the physician scar assessment, the oregano ointment group presented statistically significant improvement in pigmentation compared with petrolatum on day 12 () and significant improvement in pliability on day 90 ().
Controls and cases received povidone-iodine and essential lavender oil, respectively. A sitz bath using 5–7 drops of essential lavender oil in 4 l of water, twice daily for 10 days, was used in the case group. The control group received routine postnatal care using povidone-iodine.
A total of 25 subjects in the lavender group and 17 in the control group reported no pain at all, with no significant differences between groups. Thirty-one subjects (51.7%) in the lavender group and 13 subjects (21.7%) in the control group had no redness (). Edema > 2 cm was not observed in the lavender group. No complications were observed, with the exception of mild irritation in two patients. Three cases and two controls had mild infections that were treated by antibiotics.
An NF3 powder that contained extract granules was formulated into sachets, and the subjects were instructed to take two sachets daily (5 g/sachet) for 6 months.
At the end of study, the wound areas decreased in six patients after NF3 treatment compared with only one patient in the placebo group. The mean wound area decreased by 47.8% and 14.1% in the NF3 and placebo groups, respectively (). Patients in the NF3 group presented a steady decrease in wound areas compared with marked fluctuations in the placebo group during clinic visits. The mean healing time was 125 and 137 days in the NF3 and placebo groups, respectively.
The experimental group received treatment with a standardized (0.76% encecalin) A. pichinchensis extract. The control group received 7% propylene glycol alginate. Both treatments were only applied once weekly on the previously cleaned wound area until complete wound healing was achieved over a maximum 10-month period.
Ulcer size diminution was significantly higher () in patients who received the experimental treatment with the A. pichinchensis extract. During the first month of treatment, a 49.8% decrease in ulcer size was observed in the experimental group. The control group presented a 19.1% decrease (). In the second month of treatment, ulcer size diminution reached 79.1% and 41.6% in the experimental and control groups, respectively (). In the third month of treatment, ulcer size diminution was 89.1% and 63.1%, respectively, in the experimental and control groups, respectively (). Similar results were observed during the subsequent months of treatment, with significant differences between the experimental and control groups.
Chronic venous leg ulcers were cleaned twice daily with 25 ml of sterile physiological saline solution immediately before applying an extract of C. officinalis or the standard care product. The extract was sprayed on the wound bed and allowed to dry for a few minutes. Conventional dressings with sterile nonadherent gauze and nonelastic supportive bandages were used in all patients. The nursing team instructed patients or their caregivers to apply the wound dressings twice daily after using the specific treatment.
At the end of the 30-week study, 73.7% of the patients who were treated with the extract achieved complete epithelialization, with an average healing time of 13.3 ± 5.9 weeks. The proportion of completely healed patients in the control group was 31.6%, with an average healing time of 22.1 ± 5.9 weeks. The mean wound contraction in patients who were treated with the extract was 42.7 mm2/week, which was significantly greater () than that in patients in the standard treatment control group (12.3 mm2/week).
