Obstructive Sleep Apnea Monocytes Exhibit High Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion, Augmenting Tumor Progression

Figure 5

Tumor-promoting activity by obstructive sleep apnea monocytes is mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor secretion. CD14⁺ monocytes were isolated from HV (open bars, randomly selected), OSA (light gray bars, randomly selected), and CPAP (dark gray bars, randomly selected). Then, monocytes were cocultured at ratio 1 : 2 in a tumor 3D in vitro model using human pancreas (BxPC3) or colon (LoVo) tumor cell lines (3 replicates for each participant). Tumor spheroids were cultured in the presence of a blocking VEGF antibody (3 μg/ml, gray bars) or without it (white bars). (a) BxPC3 and (b) LoVo spheroids are shown; , using the Mann–Whitney test.

(a)

(b)