Regulation of Metabolic Disease-Associated Inflammation by Nutrient Sensors

Figure 5

General overview of the mechanisms by which different fatty acids modulate inflammation. AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; DAG: diacylglycerol; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GPR: G protein-coupled receptor; PKC: protein kinase C; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; PUFA n-6: polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acids; PUFA n-3: polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SCFA: short-chain fatty acids; SFA: saturated fatty acids; TLR: toll-like receptor.