Research Article

Caffeic Acid Prevented LPS-Induced Injury of Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Activation

Figure 5

CA decreased LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine release in bMEC. The effect of CA on the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated bMEC. Cells were challenged with LPS (50 μg/mL) for 12 h after incubation with indicated concentrations (10, 25, and 50 μg/mL) of CA or serum-free media for 3 h; subsequently, the cell culture supernate was prepared. The protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were quantified using ELISA kits; the data are the (). vs. the control group, vs. the group treated with LPS only, and vs. the group treated with LPS only.