Immunological Dynamics Associated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapies in Naive and Experimented HCV Chronic-Infected Patients

Figure 1

(a) Biomarkers of peripheral blood in patients with HCV and HD group. Frequency of circulating cell subunits (monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, NK cells, NKT cells, CD4⁺ T cells, TCD8⁺, and T reg) in patients with HCV (before and after treatment) and HD group. (b) Serum levels of chemokines (CXCL-8, CXCL-CCL-5, and CCL-2) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF, IFN-γ, and TNF) in patients with HCV (before and after treatment) and HD group. Data are expressed as the for the percentage of cells for the subsets of circulating cells or serum concentration for chemokines and cytokines (MFI). Statistical analyses were performed by the Mann–Whitney test for comparisons between groups. Significant differences in between HCV (before or after treatment) and CN are represented by connection lines. Differences between HCV subgroups (before or after treatment) compared to CN are highlighted by “”.

(a)

(b)