Electronegative LDL from Rabbits Fed with Atherogenic Diet Is Highly Proinflammatory

Figure 2

Effects of nLDL and LDL(-) on production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 macrophages were incubated with 20 μg/ml of nLDL or LDL(-) for 24 h, then levels of IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), and TNF-α (c) in the medium were measured by ELISA. Values are the of five independent experiments. Differences between means were evaluated using Student’s -test. , compared to PBS- and nLDL-treated cells. Cells were incubated with 0, 10, 20, or 40 μg/ml of LDL(-) for 24 h (d–f) or incubated with 20 μg/ml of LDL(-) for 0, 6, 12, or 24 h (g–i). Then, levels of IL-1β (d, g), IL-6 (e, h), and TNF-α (f, i) in the medium were determined by ELISA. Values are the of five (in (d–f)) or four (in (g–i)) independent experiments. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. , compared to 0 μg/ml of LDL(-) or 0 h.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)