Andrographolide Protects against HG-Induced Inflammation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Impairment of Angiogenesis via PI3K/AKT-eNOS Signalling in HUVECs

Figure 1

Andr attenuates HG-induced inflammation and apoptosis in HUVECs. HUVECs were exposed to HG (33 mM) and treated with different concentrations of Andr (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM) for 24/36 hours. (a, b) The cell counting kit-8 assay was used to assess cell viability in each group (). (c) The effect of Andr was assessed at different time points in each group (). (d, e) LDH leakage (d) and MDA concentration (e) in each group (). (f–h) The mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in HUVECs in each group (). (i, j) TUNEL staining and quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells in each group (). (k, l) The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and C-caspase3 protein and quantitative analysis in each group (). vs. the control group. ^# vs. the HG group.

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