Comparison of Two Ginkgo biloba L. Extracts on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in Human Endothelial Cells

Figure 3

Ginkgo extracts inhibit soluble and cell surface adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells. G4E (grey bars) and G24 (white bars) similarly inhibited E-selectin (a) and VCAM-1 (e) cell surface expression in human endothelial cells; a slight statistically significant inhibition (20-30%) was observed on ICAM-1 (c) at concentrations starting from 250 μg/mL. The inhibition of the extracts on E-selectin (b), ICAM-1 (d), and VCAM-1 (f) release was more pronounced. Curcumin 10 μM was used as reference inhibitor of adhesion molecules in all the experiments (average inhibition of 77% for E-selectin, 96% for ICAM-1, and 72% for VCAM-1).

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