Mediators of Inflammation

Review Article

Effects of Anti-Cytokine Antibodies on Gut Barrier Function

Table 2

Increased intestinal permeability in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases treated with anti-cytokine antibodies.


Diseases	Intestinal permeability (IP)	Permeability marker	Ref

IBD	Patients with CD and UC including those under remission had increased IP as compared with healthy controls.	Cellobiose/rhamnose; lactulose/rhamnose; cellobiose/mannitol; lactulose/mannitol; sucrose; sucralose; ⁵¹Cr-EDTA; 99mtc-diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid; polyethylene glycol-400; iohexol	[110–127]
	Children with CD had increased IP as compared with healthy children.	Lactulose/mannitol	[128]
	Increased IP was detected prior to the onset of CD in an individual with familial risk.	⁵¹Cr-EDTA	[129]
	CD patients and their relatives had increased IP as compared with unrelated controls.	Polyethylene glycol-400 cellobiose/mannitol; lactulose/mannitol	[130] [131, 132]
	Higher IP was found in patients with CD and their spouses in comparison to controls.	Lactulose/mannitol	[133]

Psoriasis	Patients with psoriasis had increased IP as compared with healthy controls.	⁵¹Cr-EDTA	[134]

Rheumatoid arthritis	Patients with juvenile chronic arthritis displayed increased IP as compared with healthy controls.	Lactulose/mannitol	[135]
	A higher sucrose excretion but a normal lactulose/mannitol was found in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis as compared with controls.	Sucrose; lactulose/mannitol	[136]
	Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis had increased IP as compared with the control group.	Polyethylene glycol; ⁵¹Cr-EDTA	[137, 138]
	IP was found to be normal in untreated rheumatoid arthritis patients but abnormally increased in patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	⁵¹Cr-EDTA	[139]
	Patients with rheumatoid arthritis excreted less polyethylene glycol 400 and 1000 than healthy controls, whereas the excretion of polyethylene glycol 3000 was the same or greater than in healthy controls.	Polyethylene glycol 400, 1000, or 3000	[140]

Ankylosing spondylitis	Patients showed increased IP as compared to controls.	Polyethylene glycol; ⁵¹Cr-EDTA	[137, 141]
Ankylosing spondylitis	IP was found to be higher in patients and their relatives as compared to controls.	⁵¹Cr-EDTA; lactulose; mannitol; sucrose	[142, 143]

IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: ulcerative colitis.