Research Article

Biological Characterization of Commercial Recombinantly Expressed Immunomodulating Proteins Contaminated with Bacterial Products in the Year 2020: The SAA3 Case

Figure 1

Inflammatory mediators stimulate the expression of mu SAA1, SAA3 and CCL2 mRNA in murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC cells) and the expression of SAA3 mRNA in murine L929 fibroblasts. LLC cells (a–c) or L929 cells (d–f) were stimulated with LPS (50 or 500 ng/ml; a–c), IL-1β (10 ng/ml; a–f), IL-1β (100 ng/ml; a–c), TNF-α (10 ng/ml; a–f) or were left untreated. After 16 h, total cell RNA was extracted and single-stranded cDNA was produced. Expression of mu SAA3 (a and d), mu SAA1 (b and e) and mu CCL2 (c and f) mRNA was detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and upregulation of the expression was determined using the method. Data represent the in stimulated cells compared to untreated cells and are derived from 3 (a–c) or 2-8 (d–f) independent experiments. Statistically significant upregulation of mRNA compared to control cells, determined by the Mann-Whitney test, is indicated by asterisks ().