Biological Characterization of Commercial Recombinantly Expressed Immunomodulating Proteins Contaminated with Bacterial Products in the Year 2020: The SAA3 Case

Figure 2

Impure mu rSAA3 induces chemokines in human CD14⁺ monocytes. Human CD14⁺ monocytes derived from buffy coats of healthy individuals were stimulated with LPS (500 ng/ml), hu rSAA1 (100 or 1000 ng/ml), mu rSAA3 (10-1000 ng/ml) or were left untreated (Co). After 24 h, supernatants were collected and levels of CXCL8, CCL3 and CCL2 were determined via specific ELISAs. Data represent the mean production of derived from 4 independent experiments. Statistically significant differences from untreated control cells, determined by the Mann-Whitney test, are indicated by asterisks ().