The Central Role and Possible Mechanisms of Bacterial DNAs in Sepsis Development

Figure 2

Major signalling pathways of DNA sensors. TLR-9-MyD88, STING, and AIM2-ASC are the major pathways initiated by DNA sensors. TLR9 preferentially binds bacterial and viral DNAs to trigger NF-κB and IRF7 signaling cascades via MyD88 adaptor and lead to a proinflammatory cytokine response. STING is a common pathway of many DNA sensors to induce IFN and other proinflammatory cytokines. AIM2-ASC induces inflammasome assembly and activation to process IL-1beta and IL-18.