Luteolin Attenuates IL-1β-Induced THP-1 Adhesion to ARPE-19 Cells via Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK Pathways

Figure 9

Model explaining the mechanisms via which luteolin inhibits IL-1β-induced inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. Luteolin promotes AKT phosphorylation, thus mediating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, leading to decreased release of inflammatory-related cytokines, and thereby suppressing THP-1 cell adhesion to IL-1β-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. Luteolin also increases expression of the anti-inflammatory protein HO-1 and inhibits iNOS protein expression.