The Role of CTHRC1 in Regulation of Multiple Signaling and Tumor Progression and Metastasis

Table 1

CTHRC1 regulates multiple signaling pathways to promote tumor development and metastasis.

Disease model/cancer	Related pathway	The effect of CTHRC1 on the signal	Function	Refs
Breast cancer	Wnt/β-catenin	+	Proliferation, invasion, migration	[33]
	TGF-β	+	Bone lesions	[90]
Ovarian cancer	Integrin β3-FAK	+	Invasion, migration	[112]
	PI3/AKT/ERK	+	Invasion, migration	[130]
EOC	WNT/β-catenin	+	Invasion, migration	[88]
Endometrial cancer	Integrin β3/PI3K/AKT	+	TAM infiltration, invasion, migration	[55]
Urothelial carcinoma	Wnt/PCP	+	Invasion, migration	[99]
NSCLC	WntT/β-catenin	+	Invasion, migration	[27]
	FAK/MEK/ERK	+	Invasion, migration	[41]
Gastric cancer	HIF-1α/CXCR4	+	Invasion, migration	[132]
GIST	Wnt/β-catenin	−	Invasion, migration	[93]
	Wnt/PCP	+	Angiogenesis	[101]
CRC	Wnt/β-catenin	+	Invasion, migration	[89]
	TGF-β	+	Invasion, migration	[63]
	Erk1/2	+	Invasion, migration	[37]
	MAPK/MEK/ERK	+	Invasion, migration	[23]
OSSC	Wnt/β-catenin	+	CTHRC1 up	[52]
	Wnt/PCP	+	Invasion, migration
Pancreatic cancer	Wnt/β-catenin	+	Adhesion, migration	[100]
	Wnt/PCP	+	Angiogenesis	[54]
	Src-FAK	+	Migration	[77]
ESCC	MEK/ERK	+	Proliferation, invasion, migration	[50]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	PI3K/AKT/ERK	+	Proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis	[129]

A plus sign stands for activation; a minus represents inhibition.