Cholinergic Elicitation Prevents Ventricular Remodeling via Alleviations of Myocardial Mitochondrial Injury Linked to Inflammation in Ischemia-Induced Chronic Heart Failure Rats

Figure 2

Effects of cholinergic elicitation on cardiac dysfunction and cardiac energy metabolism alterations. Representative M-mode echocardiogram of short-axis views from five groups (a). Comparisons of LVEDd (b), LVEF (c), LVFS (d), and ATP (F) among five groups. Correlation between LVEDd values of the 9^th week and ATP contents (g). Differences of BNP (e), INS (h), NEFA (i), and glucose (j) among five groups at baseline, the 6^th week, and the 9^th week. vs. Sham group. ^# vs. CHF group. ^$ vs. CHF+Vag group. ^& vs. CHF+PNU group. LVEDd: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: left ventricular fraction shortening; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; INS: insulin; NEFA: nonesterified fatty acid.

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