Research Article

Correlation of Low Levels of α-1 Antitrypsin and Elevation of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio with Higher Mortality in Severe COVID-19 Patients

Table 1

Clinical and laboratory analyses of the patients and differences in patients’ characteristics between NLR downward trend and NLR upward trend groups.

VariablesTotalNLR downward trendNLR upward trend# value

561937
Gender0.790
 Male, (%)37 (66.1)13 (68.4)24 (64.9)
 Age (year, )0.450
Mortality0.029
 Yes, (%)23 (41.1)4 (21.1)19 (51.4)
 No, (%)33 (58.9)15 (78.9)18 (48.6)
Comorbidities, (%) ()0.121
 No, (%)20 (43.5)8 (57.1)12 (37.5)
 Cancer, (%)5 (10.9)3 (21.4)2 (6.2)
 Diabetes mellitus, (%)10 (21.7)2 (14.3)8 (25)
 Heart diseases, (%)11 (23.9)1 (7.1)10 (31.2)
AAT (mg/dl, )0.622
CRP ()0.903
 Downward trend, (%)18 (51.4)6 (50)12 (52.2)
 Upward trend, (%)17 (48.6)6 (50)11 (47.8)
ESR ()0.715
 Downward trend, (%)16 (47.1)4 (40)12 (50)
 Upward trend, (%)18 (52.9)6 (60)12 (50)
RBC (106/μl, mean ± SD)0.622
PLT(103/μl, )0.167
O2sat (%, )0.369
BS (mg/dl, )0.837
SGOT (U/l, median (IQR))53.00 (46)42.00 (22.25)0.811
SGPT (U/l, )0.464
Troponin (ng/ml, )0.011

Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; NLR: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; AAT: alpha-1 antitrypsin; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PLT: platelet; RBC: red blood cells; O2sat: arterial oxygen saturation; BS: random blood sugar; SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Normal range: AAT: 90-200 mg/dl; CRP: >10 mg/l; RBC: 3.8-5.8 106/μl; PLT: 150-450 103/μl; O2sat: 95-99%; BS: up to 140 mg/dl; SGOT: up to 41 U/l; SGPT: up to 41 U/l; troponin: <0.04 ng/ml. Note: data are shown as , median with interquartile range (IQR), and number (%). Independent-samples -test or Mann-Whitney was used for continuous variables with the normal and nonnormal distribution, respectively. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact or Fisher-Freeman-Halton test were used for categorical variables. #NLR upward trend group consisted of individuals with having an upward NLR trend along with those with no NLR change during the study.