Metformin and Probiotics Interplay in Amelioration of Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in an In Vitro and In Vivo Model of Hepatic Injury

Figure 9

Effect of probiotic V and Met alone or in combination regulates the lipid metabolism in ethanol-induced hepatic injury. Hepatic levels of lipogenic markers, i.e., (a) PPAR-γ, (b) HSL, (c) AMPK, (d) SREBP-1c, (e) ACC, and (f) FAS. Values are expressed as of six rats. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Statistical analysis: ^##, ^###, and ^#### compared with control group; , , , and compared with ethanol group; ^A,B, ^AA,BB, ^AAA,BBB, and ^AAAA,BBBB compared with probiotic V and Met combinatorial group. PPAR-γ: proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; HSL: hormone sensitive lipase; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; SREBP-1c: sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FAS: fatty acid synthase.

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