Butyrate Inhibits Osteoclast Activity In Vitro and Regulates Systemic Inflammation and Bone Healing in a Murine Osteotomy Model Compared to Antibiotic-Treated Mice

Figure 4

Butyrate induces a reduction of proinflammatory mediators, whereas rifampicin and levofloxacin increase proinflammatory and bone-preserving markers in serum. A variety of (pro-) inflammatory cytokines in serum of mice were assessed 10 days and 21 days following osteotomy using a multiplexed cytokine array and Olink targeted proteomics to investigate systemic biomarkers in serum of mice. Serum concentrations of (a) IL-6, (b) TNFα, (c) IL-1β, and (d) of KC/GRO (murine IL-8 homologue) in the absence and presence of butyrate and , respectively, 10 days and 21 days after osteotomy. Data shown are . Differential expression of 92 biomarkers in (e) butyrate-treated mice compared to control mice and in (f) -treated mice compared to control mice. Significance threshold . Significantly changed biomarkers are labelled in red. Flrt2 = leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein; Tpp1 = tripeptidyl-peptidase 1; Ccl3 = C-C motif chemokine 3; Lgmn = legumain; Wfikkn2 = WAP, Kazal, immunoglobulin, Kunitz, and NTR domain-containing protein 2; Tnfrsf11b = tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (osteoprotegerin); Ccl2 = C-C motif chemokine 2; DII1 = delta-like protein 1; Fst = follistatin; Gcg = glucagon. ; .

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