Postoperative Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects
Table 1
Preoperative and intraoperative data of 40 patients.
Age (months)
11 (8–17)
Sex (M : F)
11 : 29
Weight (kg)
6.42 (5.72–7.91)
Height (cm)
69 (63–76)
Down syndrome, (%)
25 (62.5)
Peripheral oxygen saturation (%)
96 (93–98)
Cardiac anomaly
Ventricular septal defect, (%)
24 (60.0)
Atrioventricular septal defect, (%)†
16 (40.0)
Echocardiographic parameters
Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg)
75 (52–86)
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg)
48 (34–54)
Pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio
2.30 (1.80–3.20)
Velocity-time integral of blood flow in pulmonary veins (cm)ǁ
21.5 (20.1–25.0)
TAPSE (mm)‡
15.0 (13.0–17.8)
TAPSE, -score
0.50 (-1.60–1.93)
Intraoperative parameters
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration (min)
128 (90–152)
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure
Before CPB (mmHg)
32 (26–36)
After CPB (mmHg)
22 (18–26)§
Mean systemic arterial pressure
Before CPB (mmHg)
46 (40–54)
After CPB (mmHg)
53 (49–59)§
Pulmonary/systemic mean arterial pressure ratio
Before CPB (mmHg)
0.73 (0.56–0.86)
After CPB (mmHg)
0.40 (0.33–0.48)§
Modified ultrafiltration volume (mL)
60.5 (41.3–70.6)
Numeric variables are presented as median with interquartile range. Singly or in association with atrial septal defect and/or patent ductus arteriosus. †Singly or in association with patent ductus arteriosus. ǁ cm are generally associated with heightened pulmonary vascular resistance in pediatric patients with unrestrictive cardiac communications [14, 15]. ‡Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. Normally, values increase with increasing age in the pediatric population. A TAPSE of ≥15.5 is considered normal at the age of 1 year, as are by the age of 2 years [16]. § versus pre-CPB levels, Wilcoxon test.
