The Abundance and Function of Neutrophils in the Endometriosis Systemic and Pelvic Microenvironment

Table 1

Cytokines and chemokines associated with neutrophil recruitment in endometriosis.

Species	Alterations	Ectopic vs. eutopic endometriosis	Plasma	Peritoneal fluid
Human	Increased	IL-8 [11].; GM-CSF and IL-15 [85].; EG-VEGF [40].; VEGF	IL-8 [86].; YKL-40 [70].	HNP 1–3, IL-6, and IL-8 [24].; MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 [86].; VEGF and IL-6 [45].; CXCL10 and IL-8 [46].; GRO-α [47].
	Decreased	G-CSF, MIP-1β, IP-10, FGF-basic, IL-1ra, IL-5, and IL-7 [85].	IFN-γ [87].	—
Mice	Increased	—	G-CSF, CXCL2, CCL2, CCL11, G-CSF, CXCL2, CCL2, and CCL11 [11].; G-CSF and IL-6 [78].	G-CSF, CXCL1, CCL11, CCL3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and VEGF [11].; CCL2, G-CSF, IL6, and VEGF [79].; GM-CSF, IL-10, and IL-17 [79].; G-CSF and IL-6 [78].
	Decreased	—	—	—

IL-8: interleukin-8; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; MIP-1β: macrophage inflammatory protein 1β; HNP1-3: human neutrophil peptides 1-3; IP-10: interferon-inducible protein 10; FGF-basic: basic fibroblast growth factor; IL-1ra: IL-1 receptor antagonist; EG-VEGF: endocrine gland-derived VEGF; GRO-α: chemokine growth-regulated-alpha.