The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to foreign antigens such as derived from food and microbiota of gut. Gut flora is an important entity of human body that plays crucial role in healthy immune system and various immunological disorders. Exploration of interactions between gut flora and immune system is an important area of current investigations.

The first view of the mucosal immune systems is a single-layer epithelium covered by mucus and antimicrobial products and fortified by both innate and adaptive components of host defense. The migration of immune cells from mucosal inductive to effector tissues via the lymphatic system is the cellular basis for the immune response in the gastrointestinal system.

Cytokines and chemokines are an integral component of the adaptive and innate immune response in the gastrointestinal system. Cytokines are involved in a variety of immunological, inflammatory and infectious diseases. Chemokines are a family of small cytokines or proteins secreted by numerous cells. The major role of chemokines is to guide the migration of particular cells. The mediators of gut mucosal immunity and inflammation are not limited to chemokines and cytokines. There are many inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules derived from gut mucosal endothelial cells and leucocytes.

We invite researchers to contribute to this special issue in the form of original research articles or reviews that will further strengthen the efforts to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of mediators in gut immunity and inflammation. Also, we are waiting for clinical studies about our potential topics. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• The importance of cytokines and chemokines in intestinal immune system and gut microbiota
• Relationship between cytokines, chemokines, and gut microbiota in gastrointestinal inflammation
• The immunomodulatory properties of commensal bacteria in the gut
• Host cell cytokine and chemokine responses to distinct commensal-associated molecular patterns of probiotic strains
• Role of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal and immunological diseases
• Gut microbiota as an intervention target in metabolic function and obesity

Before submission authors should carefully read the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System on http://mts.hindawi.com/submit/journals/mi/mgmi/ according to the following schedule: