National Trends in the Adoption of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy over 7 Years in the United States and Impact of Laparoscopic Approaches Stratified by Age

Table 1

Outcomes by type of cholecystectomy procedure (laparoscopic versus open).

Patient outcomes	≥80 years old			65–79 years old			45–64 years old			18–44 years old
	Laparoscopic (%)	Open (%)	𝑃 value	Laparoscopic (%)	Open (%)	𝑃 value	Laparoscopic (%)	Open (%)	𝑃 value	Laparoscopic (%)	Open (%)	𝑃 value
Surgical complications (%)	37.20	61.10	<0.0001	26.30	50.00	<0.0001	16.40	37.20	<0.0001	10.30	25.30	<0.0001
Mortality (%)	2.30	8.30	<0.0001	0.90	4.00	<0.0001	0.30	1.60	<0.0001	0.10	0.50	<0.0001
LOS (mean days)	6.77 (SD 6.46)	11.91 (SD 10.07)	<0.0001	5.01 (SD 5.72)	10.29 (SD 10.34)	<0.0001	3.8 (SD 4.8)	8.1 (SD 9.6)	<0.0001	3.1 (SD 3.4)	6.2 (SD 7.9)	<0.0001
Cost (mean in 2005$)	15,030; (SD 15,100)	26,342; (SD 27,611)	<0.0001	12,451; (SD 13,723)	24,060; (SD 30,200)	<0.0001	10,425; (SD 11,369)	19,651; (SD 27,588)	<0.0001	8,858; (SD 8,051)	15,723; (SD 21,811)	<0.0001
Discharge disposition (%)			<0.0001			<0.0001			<0.0001			<0.0001
Routine home	63.20	37.00		86.60	66.00		95.80	85.30		98.40	92.70
Short-term hospital	1.10	1.20		0.70	1.10		0.50	0.80		0.40	0.70
Intermediate care	21.80	37.30		6.20	14.60		1.50	4.30		0.50	1.70
Home health	11.60	16.20		5.60	14.30		1.80	7.80		0.60	4.20
Against medical advice	0.07	0.04		0.07	0.06		0.12	0.13		0.13	0.20
Died	2.30	8.27		0.87	3.95		0.26	1.61		0.06	0.53
Unknown	0.01	0.04		0.01	0.01		0.01	0.01		0.00	0.01