Complications, Not Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique, Are Associated with Increased Cost after Esophagectomy
Table 1
Overview of study population.
Median (IQR) or frequency (%)
value
All
THE
Open
Hybrid
MIE
Patient variables
(%)
80 (100)
11 (13.75)
11 (13.75)
41 (51.25)
17 (21.25)
Age
65.2 (59.6−75.3)
67.4 (60.4−76.2)
65.1 (59.7−75.6)
64.7 (56.8−75.4)
63.4 (59.5−73.8)
0.891
Gender
0.241
Male
59 (73.8)
10 (90.9)
6 (54.6)
29 (70.7)
14 (82.4)
Female
21 (26.2)
1 (9.1)
5 (45.5)
12 (29.3)
3 (17.7)
Preoperative comorbidities or treatments
Hypertension
44 (55.0)
4 (36.4)
6 (54.6)
25 (61.0)
9 (52.9)
0.550
CAD
15 (18.8)
4 (36.4)
1 (9.1)
7 (17.1)
3 (17.7)
0.502
Prior CTS
11 (13.8)
1 (9.1)
2 (18.2)
6 (14.6)
2 (11.8)
1.000
Preop XRT
51 (63.8)
7 (63.6)
5 (45.5)
29 (70.7)
10 (58.8)
0.455
Preop Chemo
52 (65.0)
7 (63.6)
6 (54.6)
29 (70.7)
10 (58.8)
0.729
COPD
10 (12.5)
1 (9.1)
2 (18.2)
5 (12.2)
2 (11.8)
0.955
CHF
5 (6.3)
2 (18.2)
1 (9.1)
2 (4.9)
0 (0.0)
0.189
Diabetes
16 (20.0)
2 (18.2)
1 (9.1)
9 (22.0)
4 (23.5)
0.904
Zubrod class
0.851
Normal Activity
33 (41.3)
5 (45.5)
4 (36.4)
15 (36.6)
9 (52.9)
Symptomatic
47 (58.8)
6 (54.6)
7 (63.6)
26 (63.4)
8 (47.1)
ASA class
0.573
II
7 (8.8)
2 (18.2)
0 (0.0)
4 (9.8)
1 (5.9)
III
69 (86.3)
9 (81.8)
11 (100.0)
33 (80.5)
16 (94.1)
IV
4 (5.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
4 (9.8)
0 (0.0)
Operative outcomes
OR time (min)
441 (399−511)
330 (307−348)
449 (397−486)
437 (410−480)
527 (461−581)
<0.001
LOS (days)
8 (7−9)
7 (7−12)
8 (7−13)
8 (7−9)
7 (6−9)
0.476
Postoperative complications
42 (52.5)
5 (45.5)
5 (45.5)
23 (56.1)
9 (52.9)
0.912
Data presented as (%) for categorical variables or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables. p values indicate Fisher’s Exact test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis one-way test analysis of variance for continuous variables. IQR: interquartile range. THE: transhiatal esophagectomy. MIE: minimally invasive esophagectomy. Preop: preoperative. CAD: coronary artery disease. CTS: cardiothoracic surgery. XRT: radiotherapy. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CHF: congestive heart failure. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologist. LOS: length of stay.
