|
| Bone graft material | Author and year | Type of procedure | Type of material used in disc space | Type of material used in the cage | Method of fusion evaluation | Number of patients | Fusion rate (%) |
|
| Autograft (local and ICBG) | Yoo et al. 2015 [13] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local + ICBG) | X-ray + CT | 11 | 90.9 |
| Schizas et al. 2009 [14] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local + ICBG) | Autograft (local + ICBG) | X-ray | 18 | 83.3 |
|
| Autograft (local) alone | Zhang et al. 2017 [15] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | X-ray + CT | 26 | 100 |
| Rajakumar et al. 2017 [16] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 36 | 97.2 |
| Yang et al. 2017 [17] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | NA | 21 | 85.7 |
| Huang et al. 2017 [18] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 58 | 87.9 |
| Choi et al. 2017 [19] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | CT | 44 | 95.2 |
| Choi et al. 201 7[19] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | CT | 40 | 96.6 |
| Lv et al. 2017 [20] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | CT | 50 | 96.0 |
| Fan et al. 2016 [21] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 41 | 92.7 |
| Fan et al. 2016 [21] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 37 | 81.1 |
| Tian and Liu 2016 [22] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | CT | 47 | 90.0 |
| Tian and Liu 2016 [22] | W-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | CT | 50 | 88.9 |
| Fan et al. 2016 [23] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 24 | 91.7 |
| Fan et al. 2016 [23] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 21 | 85.7 |
| Yang et al. 2015 [24] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 50 | 88.0 |
| Liu et al. 2015 [25] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | X-ray | 42 | 81.0 |
| Liu et al. 2015 [25] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | X-ray | 42 | 95.2 |
| Lee et al. 2016 [26] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | X-ray + CT | 27 | 81.5 |
| Chen et al. 2015 [27] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | CT | 42 | 100 |
| Chen et al. 2015 [27] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | CT | 36 | 100 |
| Kim et al. 2015 [28] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | CT | 18 | 88.9 |
| Kim et al. 2015[28] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | CT | 23 | 87.0 |
| Zhang et al. 2015 [29] | MMI-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | NA | 49 | 81.7 |
| Gu et al. 2015 [30] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 35 | 94.3 |
| Gu et al. 2015 [30] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 39 | 94.9 |
| Shen et al. 2014 [31] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | CT | 31 | 96.8 |
| Shen et al. 2014 [31] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | CT | 34 | 100.0 |
| Gu et al. 2014 [32] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 44 | 93.2 |
| Choi et al. 2013 [33] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | X-ray + CT | 26 | 84.6 |
| Choi et al. 2013 [33] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) | X-ray + CT | 27 | 96.3 |
| Sonmez et al. 2013 [34] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 10 | 80.0 |
| Sonmez et al. 2013 [34] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 10 | 90.0 |
| Wang et al. 2014 [35] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | NA | X-ray + CT | 43 | 97.7 |
| Kasliwal and Deutsch 2012 [36] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | CT | 40 | 67.5 |
| Scheufler et al. 2007 [37] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) | Autograft (local) | CT | 46 | 93.5 |
|
| Autograft (ICBG) alone | Serban et al. 2017 [38] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (ICBG) | NA | CT | 40 | 90 |
| Fan et al. 2010 [39] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (ICBG) | Autograft (ICBG) | X-ray | 32 | 100 |
| Peng et al. 2009 [40] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (ICBG) | NA | X-ray | 29 | 100 |
| Ohtori et al. 2015 [41] | OLIF | NA | Autograft (ICBG) | CT | 12 | 90 |
|
| Autograft + allograft | He et al. 2017 [42] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + Allograft | Autograft (local) + Allograft | CT | 42 | 92.9 |
| Lee et al. 2016 [43] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) + Allograft | X-ray | 38 | 100 |
| Lim and Kim 2013 [44] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + Allograft | NA | X-ray + CT | 19 | 100 |
| Kim et al. 2011 [45] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + Allograft | Autograft (local) + Allograft | X-ray | 56 | 96.4 |
| Jang and Lee 2005 [46] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local +/− ICBG) + Allograft | X-ray | 23 | 91.7 |
|
| Allograft alone | Ahmadian et al. 2015 [47] | MIS-LIF | Allograft (unclear interbody or in cage) | X-rays +/− CT | 40 | 89.7 |
|
| BMA (as extender) | Hawasli et al. 2017 [48] | MIS-TLIF | Allograft + bma | Autograft (local) + BMA | X-ray +/− CT | 44 | 93.2 |
| Nandyala et al. 2014 [49] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 + BMA | Autograft (local) | CT | 65 | 93.8 |
| Woods et al. 2017 [50] | OLIF | DBM + BMA + rhBMP-2 | DBM + BMA + rhBMP-2 | CT | 137 | 97.9 |
| Abbasi et al. 2017 [51] | OLLIF | β-TCP + BMA | NA | NA | 24 | 100 |
| Rodgers et al. 2012 [52] | XLIF | Formagraft (β-TCP + HA) + BMA
(unclear interbody or in cage) | X-ray + CT | 44 | 93.2 |
| Rodgers et al. 2010 [53] | Mini-ALIF
XLIF | Autograft (local) + Allograft + DBM + BMA | CT | 66 | 97.0 |
|
| DBM (as extender) | Choi et al. 2016 [54] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + DBM | Autograft (local) + DBM | CT | 21 | 95.2 |
| Kuo et al. 2016 [55] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) + DBM | X-ray + CT | 22 | 77.3 |
| Park et al. 2014 [56] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + DBM | NA | | 83 | 80.7 |
| Lee et al. 2012 [57] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + DBM | NA | X-ray | 72 | 97.0 |
| Park et al. 2011 [58] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + DBM | NA | CT | 66 | 77.3 |
| Woods et al. 2017 [50] | OLIF | DBM + BMA + rhBMP-2 | DBM + BMA + rhBMP-2 | CT | 137 | 97.9 |
| Rodgers et al. 2010 [53] | Mini-ALIF/XLIF | Autograft (local) + Allograft + DBM + BMA | CT | 66 | 97.0 |
|
| Ceramic (as extender) | Yoo et al. 2014 [59] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) + HA | X-ray + CT | 92 | 87.0 |
| Yoo et al. 2015 [13] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + HA | Autograft (local) | X-ray + CT | 49 | 87.8 |
| Yoo et al. 2015 [13] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + HA | Autograft (local) | X-ray + CT | 28 | 85.7 |
| Lin and Chiang 2014 [60] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + SinboneHT (60% HA, 40% TCP) | NA | X-ray | 48 | 83.3 |
| Malham et al. 2017 [61] | XLIF | NA | Mastergraft (β-TCP + HA) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 21 | 95.2 |
| Malham et al. 2017 [61] | XLIF | NA | Mastergraft (β-TCP + HA) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 19 | 80.0 |
| Abbasi et al. 2017 [51] | OLLIF | β-TCP + BMA | NA | NA | 24 | 100 |
| Waddell et al. 2014 [62] | LLIF | NA | Mastergraft (β-TCP + HA) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 21 | 98.0 |
| Rodgers et al. 2012 [52] | XLIF | Formagraft (β-TCP + HA) + BMA
(unclear interbody or in cage) | X-ray + CT | 44 | 93.2 |
| Dakwar et al. 2010 [63] | XLIF | NA | TCP + HA + rhBMP-2 | X-ray +/− CT | 20 | 100.0 |
|
| Ceramics alone | Alimi et al. 2017 [64] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Si-CaP | CT | 57 | 76.3 |
| Parker and Malham 2017 [65] | XLIF | NA | AttraX (β-TCP + HA) | CT | 25 | 80.0 |
| Alimi et al. 2017 [64] | XLIF | NA | Si-CaP | CT | 44 | 82.1 |
| Berjano et al. 2015 [66] | XLIF | NA | AttraX (β-TCP + HA) | X-ray + CT | 13 | 83.0 |
| Berjano et al. 2015 [66] | XLIF | NA | Calcium Triphosphate | X-ray + CT | 35 | 89.0 |
| Marchi et al. 2013 [67] | XLIF | Calcium Phosphate (unclear interbody or in cage) | CT | 74 | 91.0 |
| Pimenta et al. 2013 [68] | XLIF | Si-CaP (unclear interbody or in cage) | X-ray + CT | 15 | 100.0 |
|
| rhBMP-2 (with another graft) | Wang and Grossman 2016 [69] | MIS-TLIF | rhBMP-2 | Allograft | X-ray | 10 | 87.5 |
| Siddiqui et al. 2016 [70] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | Autograft (local) | X-ray | 148 | 98.5 |
| Nandyala et al. 2013 [49] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 + BMA | Autograft (local) | CT | 65 | 93.8 |
| Tsahtsarlis and Wood 2012 [71] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 34 | 97.1 |
| Rouben et al. 2011 [72] | MIS-TLIF | NA | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | X-ray + CT | 169 | 96.0 |
| Park and Foley 2008 [73] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 40 | 100 |
| Deutsch and Musacchio Jr. 2006 [74] | MIS-TLIF | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 20 | 65.0 |
| Malham et al. 2017 [61] | XLIF | NA | Mastergraft (β-TCP + HA) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 21 | 95.2 |
| Malham et al. 2017 [61] | XLIF | NA | Mastergraft (β-TCP + HA) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 19 | 80.0 |
| Woods et al. 2017 [50] | OLIF | DBM + BMA + rhBMP-2 | DBM + BMA + rhBMP-2 | CT | 137 | 97.9 |
| Ahmadian et al. 2015 [47] | MIS-LIF | Allograft + rhBMP-2 (unclear interbody or in cage) | X-rays +/− CT | 19 | 100.0 |
| Waddell et al. 2014 [62] | LLIF | NA | Mastergraft (β-TCP + HA) + rhBMP-2 | CT | 21 | 98.0 |
| Castellvi et al. 2014 [75] | LLIF | NA | Allograft + rhBMP-2 | CT | 36 | 100.0 |
| Dakwar et al. 2010 [63] | XLIF | NA | TCP + HA + rhBMP-2 | X-ray +/− CT | 20 | 100.0 |
| Aryan et al. 2008 [76] | AxiaLIF | Autograft (local) + rhBMP-2 | X-ray +/− CT | 35 | 91.4 |
|
| rhBMP-2 alone | Dahdaleh et al. 2013 [77] | MIS-TLIF | NA | rhBMP-2 | X-ray | 20 | 95.0 |
| Dahdaleh et al. 2013 [77] | MIS-TLIF | NA | rhBMP-2 | X-ray | 16 | 93.8 |
| Parker and Malham 2017 [65] | XLIF | NA | rhBMP-2 | CT | 107 | 96.3 |
| Pimenta et al. 2013 [68] | XLIF | rhBMP-2 (unclear interbody or in cage) | X-ray + CT | 15 | 100.0 |
|
