A Survey on Smartphone-Based Crowdsensing Solutions

Table 3

Classification of the different technologies according to the proposed client architecture.

Publication

⁢Client interface manager (CIM)

⁢Client Data Manager (CDM)

Client Sensor Manager (CSM)

Interface

Admin

OS

Technology

Plugins/external libraries

Data processing

Query

Local store

Type of sensor

Virtual sensor

Preprocessing

Characteristic

Real time

Sensing task

Data analytics

Broker/plugin

Filter

Aggregate

PRISM [24]

X

Windows mobile

C# and C++

PRISM’s sandbox

Sent

Push-pull

X

X

Generic/multimedia

DAM4GSN [50]

X

X

Android/IOS

Java

XML-based/GSN

Store and send

Push-pull

Both

X

X

X

Generic and external

X

X

StressSense [14]

X

Android

Java, C and C++

GMMs and simulate

Send

Pull

Plugin

X

External microphone

X

Usense [53]

X

X

Android

Java-BlueZen

XML-based/spatiotemporal

Store and send

Push

Plugin

X

X

X

X

Generic/multimedia

X

REPSense [11]

X

Android

Scheme divide/merge

Store and send

X

X

X

GPS, ambient light, air pressure, accelerometer

X

PLUS [13]

X

Android

Markov Predictor Model

Store and send

X

X

X

GPS

X

MOSDEN [28]

X

X

Android

Java

XML-based/GSN

Store and send

Push-pull

X

Both

X

X

X

Generic and external

X

X

SenseDroid [54]

Android

Spatiotemporal

Store and send

Broker

X

X

X

Generic and external

X

X

AlienvsMobile [39]

X

Android

Java

Area coverage

Send

Pull

GPS, barometric pressure

X

CUPUS [48]

X

Android

CUPUS MIOs

Store and send

Push-pull

X

X

X

Generic and external

X

X

BLISS [20]

Simulated

Simulated/online learning

Send

X

X

X

N/A simulated

SPREAD [56]

Simulated

Simulated/area of interest

Send

X

X

GPS and simulated

MAP+ [57]

X

Android

DBSCAN

Store and send

Pull

X

X

External GPS

X

ADTS [65]

Simulated

ADTS algorithm

Send

X

X

Generic

FlierMeet [70]

X

Android

STA grouping

Send

Pull

GPS, light sensor, accelerometer, magnetometer

X

MDPPs [74]

X

Android

Spatiotemporal coverage (MDPPs)

Stored and sent

Push

X

X

X

Generic sensor

EasyHarvest [45]

X

X

Android

Java for Android

Spatiotemporal coverage

Store and send

Binary push

X

X

X

X

Generic sensor

Sahyog [78]

X

Android

Java

Query format

Store and send

Push-pull

X

X

GPS, accelerometer

WiFIScout [62]

X

X

Android

Read WiFi

Store and send

Pull

X

X

GPS/WiFi

Ear-Phone [5]

X

Symbian

Java

Spatiotemporal coverage

Send

Pull

X

X

X

GPS microphone

X

Medusa [25]

X

Android

Java SMS and MMS

MedScript XML

Send

Push

X

Broker

X

X

GPS, multimedia

X

CrowITS [9]

X

X

Android/IOS

Plugin-based

Store and send

Push-pull

Plugin

X

GPS

CAROM [27]

X

X

Android

Java/GSNLite

XML-based/GSN

Send

Push-pull

X

Plugin (OMM)

X

X

X

Generic and external sensor

X

X

SoundOfTheCity [7]

X

X

Android

Java

Store and send

Pull

X

X

GPS, microphone

X

MoPS [8]

X

X

Android

Java

Broker Mios

Push

X

Broker

X

X

External pollution

X

Vita [15]

X

X

Android

Java

XML-based

Send

Push

Broker

X

X

X

Generic and multimedia

X

Matador [52]

X

X

Android

XML-based spatiotemporal

Send

Pull

X

X

X

GPS

X

SenSocial [19]

X

Android

Java

XML-based/plugin OSN

Send

Push-pull

X

Both

X

X

X

X

GPS, accelerometer, microphone, social

MCSinSpace [21]

X

X

Android

Send

Push

X

X

X

GPS signal analysis

X

LineKing [22]

X

Android/IOS

Wait-time algorithm

Send

Pull

X

X

X

X

GPS, accelerometer

Ecosystem [47]

X

X

Android

Android app

XML-based

Send

Push

X

X

X

Generic and external sensor

X

TYT [17]

X

X

Android/IOS

Android and IOS apps

Send

Pull

X

X

Heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation

PRESM [23]

Android

RSS map

Map generation

Store and send

Push

X

X

GPS locations

X

SmartRoad [71]

X

X

Android

Java

Detection and identification learning algorithm

Store and send

Push

Plugin

X

GPS, power sensor

X

X