A Heterogeneous IoV Architecture for Data Forwarding in Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication

Table 1

A summary of notations used throughout the paper.

Symbol	Definition
dproc	The processing delay is the time that a node spends processing a packet
dqueue	The queuing delay is the time required to put an entire packet into the communication media multiplied by an average length of the queue
Da	Delay requirement of the application
dltetotal	Total delay of the LTE interface
dwavetotal	Total delay of the WAVE interface
D(m×t)	Delay availability matrix for single hop communication
dk,nε D(m×t)	The delay of network interface k at time n
B	Bandwidth of the network interface
Bwifi	Bandwidth of the WiFi interface
B(m × t)	Network availability matrix for single hop communication
c	Unit cost
ckε C(m)	Unit cost of any network interface k
S(m×t)	Network scheduling according to interface m in time slot t
Nn	Network utilization of the interface
Ninclte	Network utilization of the LTE interface
Nincwave	Network utilization of the WAVE interface
M	The number of network interfaces
dtotal,k	Total delay of the selected network interface k
T	The number of time slot periods
dtrans	The transmission delay is the time required to put an entire packet into the communication media
dprop	The propagation delay is the time required for a packet to reach from vehicle to the RAU divided by propagation speed of the media or speed of light
dtotal	Total delay
dwifitotal	Total delay of the WiFi interface
dwifitotal	Total delay of the WiFi interface
dwavetotal	Total delay of the WAVE interface
dk,nε D(m×t)	The delay of network interface k at time n
Blte	Bandwidth of the LTE interface
Bwave	Bandwidth of the WAVE interface
bk,nε B(m×t)	The bandwidth of that network interface k can provide at time n
C(m)	Vector of unit cost of all the available network interfaces
C(e)	Cost of all network interfaces e
sk,nε S(m×t)	Network k selected at time n
Na	Network utilization by the application
Nincwifi	Network utilization of the WiFi interface
Ninc	Sum of bandwidth x delay product of all network interfaces
k	Current selected network interface
ck	Unit cost of selected network interface k
ba	Bandwidth requirement of the application