Computer-Assisted Diagnosis for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Fundus Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Table 6

Confusion matrix of the classification results using the full procedure of the proposed method (using SVM with TLBO).

Determined level	Ground-truth level
	SVM optimized with TLBO
	0	1	2	3	4
0	38611	2233	1513	44	80
1	312	831	349	1	1
2	570	696	5706	701	393
3	3	0	215	408	123
4	35	2	76	60	609
Accuracy (%)	97.67	22.09	72.60	33.61	50.50
Overall accuracy (%)	86.17