Research Article
User Association and Small-Cell Base Station On/Off Strategies for Energy Efficiency of Ultradense Networks
(1) | Users associate with BSs based on SINR | (2) | Initialization: | (3) | ; ; | (4) | for 1 ≤ m ≤ M do | (5) | if | (6) | Associate user k with the BS m; | (7) | Generate the candidate list for BS m; | (8) | end if | (9) | for | (10) | Calculate the degrees of freedom of user k; | (11) | Find user k which has minimal degrees of freedom, ; | (12) | Calculate , ; | (13) | ; | (14) | Associates user with BS , ; | (15) | Update ; | (16) | if | (17) | User k (1 ≤ k ≤ K) deletes the BS in its list ; | (18) | end if | (19) | end for | (20) | end for | (21) | until all users associate with BSs. | (22) | SBSs on/off strategy: | (23) | Initialization: | (24) | All BSs hold “on”, i.e., ; ; | (25) | Sort ; | (26) | repeat | (27) | Turn off FBSs i based on the load of FBSs; | (28) | Update the EE by the user association algorithm, set , and record the number of FBSs turned off is n; | (29) | until |
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