Analysis and Evaluation of Braille to Text Conversion Methods

Table 1

Braille to natural language conversion using scanned images.

References	Tool learning complexity	Language supported	Efficiency	Technique used
[14]	Not applicable	Arabic	99%	Arabic OBR system
[15]	Not applicable	Urdu	Not applicable	Turing machine for context-sensitive translation of Urdu-Braille
[16]	Image segmentation technique	Hindi	Not applicable	Principal component analysis
[17]	Easy to learn, and the Output can be obtained in a pdf form or directly to the embosser	Urdu	Not applicable	Web-based Urdu-Braille translator
[18]	Easy to learn as only grade 1 Braille was used	English	80%	Image-processing techniques
[19]	Easy to learn	English	92%	SDAE using SoftMax
[20]	Easy to use. Text-to-speech facility is also available.	English	99%	Dynamic thresholding technique
[21]	Easy to learn	Odia	Successful one-to-one mapping from ODIA to Braille	Feature extraction and Braille pattern recognition
[22]	Easy to learn, and the mobile can be taken anywhere.	English	100% noise reduction	Mobile camera-based application
[23]	Not applicable	Ethiopic	98.5%	Direction filed tensors are used