Review Article
Mobile Positioning Techniques and Systems: A Comprehensive Review
| Systems | Techniques | Technologies | Architecture | Application domains |
| Kumar et al. [6] | PDR + fingerprinting | Wi-Fi | Central network-based | Augmented reality | Liu et al. [7] | Wi-Fi | Distributed network-based | Research | HimLoc [8] | Wi-Fi | Research | Mashuk et al. [9] | Wi-Fi and Bluetooth (BLE) | Research | Gomes et al. [10] | Wi-Fi, BLE | Navigation |
| REFIRE [11] | PDR + trilateration | RFID | Device-free | Tracking | Nazemzadeh et al. [12] | RFID | Tracking | Wang et al. [13] | RFID | Research | Zhou et al. [14] | Wi-Fi | — | Research |
| Kok et al. [15] | TOA + PDR | UWB | Network-based (central) | Research | Marton et al. [16] | Ultrasound | Research |
| Anisetti et al. [35] | Fingerprinting + MM | Cellular | Distributed network-based | Research |
| Khalifa and Hassan [17] | PDR + MM | — | Device-free | Research | Qian et al. [18] | — | Research |
| Kolakowski [19] | Proximity + trilateration | BLE + laser sensors | Network-based | Research | Crescendo [36] | Cellular | Research | Satan and Toth [20] | Bluetooth | Research |
| Prince and Little [37] | AoA + proximity | Wi-Fi + light sensor | Central network-based | Research | Tomic et al. [21] | AoA + trilateration | Wireless sensor networks | Research | Tang et al. [22] | AoA + trilateration + proximity | Cellular | Disaster monitoring |
| Kumarasiri et al. [23] | TDOA + trilateration | Wi-Fi, cellular, and wireless sensor networks | Distributed network-based | Research |
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