Abstract
The innovation method of college education refers to the development and innovation of college education against the backdrop of current big data (BD), with the goal of having a far-reaching impact on education. The goal of this paper is to investigate and analyze innovative college education methods during the BD and mobile computing eras, in order to find the best solution. This article begins with a general overview of the BD and mobile computing concepts. It then conducted a valid questionnaire survey on the current state of ideological and political courses in two colleges. This paper examines the data and identifies the issues that exist in the ideological and political education in colleges. Finally, it draws the corresponding countermeasures for the innovation mode of college education using BD’s statistical analysis. According to the results of the experiment, 7 percent of college students are more resistant to the ideological and political construction of courses in the current period of BD and mobile computing.
1. Introduction
Large storage capacity, multiple data classifications, fast access speed, and high use value are all benefits. However, with more cluttered sources and inconsistent formats, it has evolved into the collection, storage, and analysis of large amounts of data. This is a new generation of information technology and service formats capable of unearthing new data, generating new value, and enhancing new capabilities. Mobile computing is a relatively new technology that arose from advances in mobile communication, the Internet, databases, distributed computing, and other technologies. In a wireless environment, mobile computing technology allows data transmission or resource sharing between computers and other information intelligent terminal devices. New and different discoveries may emerge if BD and mobile computing are combined with innovative approaches to college education.
With BD sweeping the globe today, colleges have created numerous educational innovations. Using BD and mobile computing to share educational information in real time, for example, has far-reaching implications for the development and expansion of innovation methods in colleges. There are numerous applications for Hadoop and mobile computing. Scholars have used big data and mobile computing to solve data analysis problems in recent years, but there are few applications and studies in innovative college education. As a result, in the era of Hadoop and mobile computing, this paper presents an innovative approach to college education. It is significant both theoretically and practically.
The innovation of this article: When it conducts research on innovative methods of college education, it combines the background of the current era, that is, BD and mobile computing, to conduct a more thorough, accurate, and scientific research and analysis on innovative methods of college education. It obtained more accurate and scientific research data through the research on the current situation of ideological and political education in two colleges and universities and the questionnaire survey method.
2. Related Work
Many scholars have used mobile data and Hadoop technologies in educational research due to the rapid advancement of these technologies. Wang C was one of them, believing that the use of digital art technology can help transform technological innovation capabilities into real productivity in the context of Internet BD’s overall development. He looked at the opportunities and risks that the BD period brought to college cultural education [1]. However, the data information he used was incorrect, resulting in results that did not correspond to reality. Jorgensen [2] previously worked on a study to help inexperienced higher education teachers convert face-to-face courses (F2F) to face-to-face courses [2]. However, his theoretical knowledge is rarely cited, and the article’s framework is inadequate. Later, Sutton [3] provided a framework for considering how different configurations of spaces in higher education (HE) affect learning opportunities. His goal was to create a storytelling method for arranging these spaces [3]. However, in practice, this method is not very effective.
And Ylikoski and Kivelä [4] discussed the benefits of integrating education and regional development in HEs through spatiality [4]. But he ignored the influence of external factors in his research. Aiming at the hot issues of the motivation of university personnel’s innovation activities, this research identified various ways to improve innovation activities. Later, Plotz and Guan [5] analyzed the classification of motivation and innovation potential, that is, the characteristics of motivation and innovation potential and the importance of implementing and introducing innovation in the field of high intelligence teaching [5]. But he did not present his strong data in the argumentative analysis stage to demonstrate his themes. Buckley and Michel [6] studies sought to understand the content and context of sustainability-related learning outcomes in US higher education institutions by using data from 47 universities [6]. But his wording for the summary of the data is not concise enough. Quainoo et al. [7] reviewed the literature on student evaluation views and conducted research on Chinese students’ evaluation views through research on other scholars’ articles [7]. However, in the article, the author’s own papers are relatively few, and most of them are cited by other scholars.
3. Methods of Researching Innovative Ways of College Education
3.1. BD
3.1.1. Meaning of Hadoop
For the understanding of Hadoop, it is necessary not only to grasp from the technical level in the general sense, but also to go deep into its connotation and essence, and realize the value and significance of Hadoop as a resource and concept. At the same time, it is necessary to fully grasp the motivations that promote the development of BD. Only in this way can this innovation intermediary be better used in the system of integrating Hadoop innovation in education in colleges [3].
Data have become a hot topic in the whole society, but so far, there is no universally accepted definition of “BD.” At the beginning of the concept of BD, it refers to the literal meaning of “a large amount of data or data set,” which is not substantially different from the large amount of data in the ordinary sense. BD is a development based on information and communication technology and takes BD thinking as an opportunity. A powerful productivity that produces disruptive changes can predict the future [8].
BD is a technology [9]. By encoding the world, big data opens up another new way for us to understand the world and builds a bridge between us and the world. By collecting many road condition information, Hadoop encodes the map and uses the electronic map to guide us who are lost.
BD is a thinking concept. The source of people acquiring new cognitive abilities and creating new value is BD. While it is changing the society, it is also changing our habitual mode of considering and dealing with matter, that is, our way of thinking.
3.1.2. The Notion of the Era of Hadoop
Era means a historical period divided by basic conditions such as politics, economy, and culture. The adhibition of Hadoop to many fields of society is driving social changes. In 2012, a column about BD in The New York Times officially brought people into the period of Hadoop. The adhibition of Hadoop-related core technologies, applications, management, and research to various fields marks that the development of human society has stepped into a new stage and era. With the arrival of “the first year of BD” in 2013, BD technology is driving innovation in all walks of life and continues to stimulate innovation and upgrading of industry models. This has spawned the continuous development of new forms and new models in the era of Hadoop. In response to the party and the country’s call for education in colleges in the new period, policy recommendations related to BD have been issued, establishing the strategic position of BD in promoting the reform and innovative growth of education. The power of state organs, local governments, research institutions, universities, and enterprises has increased. It has accelerated the development of the application of Hadoop in education in Chinese universities [10].
3.2. Mobile Computing
Mobile computing technology is developed from distributed computing technology, or mobile computing is distributed computing based on wireless network and mobile communication technology [11]. The development process is shown in Figure 1. In general, mobile computing is a general description of a technology. This technology enables users to access the network to obtain services at any place, at any time, and in any way.
The computing model is the basic framework and principles that the computing system must follow to complete the calculation. When developing applications, it is essential to define the corresponding hardware institutional structure and software structure for each computing model. Mobile computing models mainly include traditional client/server model, client/agent/server model, client/intercept/server model, mobile peer-to-peer (P2P) model, and mobile agent-based computing model. Table 1 lists these mobile computing models and their adaptability in the mobile computing environment [12].
In the client/agent/server model (as shown in Figure 2), the agent acting as a server or client is static and cannot move. In one case, the agent is completely acting as the agent of the mobile host in the fixed network, and any communication related to the sending or receiving of the mobile host is completed by the agent. Another situation is that agent can be attached to a specific business or application, such as Web browsing and database access. Any client-side request and server-side response related to this application are completed by this agent [13].
The client/intercept/server model (as shown in Figure 3) can overcome the shortcomings of the client/agent/server model; that is, two agents are used. One agent (client intercept) is configured on the mobile host, and another agent (server intercept) runs on the server side as in the previous model [14].
The computing model based on mobile agent is shown in Figure 4. Mobile agent is a process or program used to complete special tasks, which can be used to complete the tasks required by mobile clients. When the mobile agent arrives at the server, it must be authenticated after being dispatched to the agent execution environment. Mobile agents have the characteristics of moving to other servers, creating new mobile agents, or interacting with other mobile agents [15].
The basic mobile computing network environment is shown in Figure 5. Among them, MT is a mobile terminal (unit), and MSS is a mobile support site. Here, the MSS acts as a gateway connecting the mobile client and the server, and the range that the signal sent from the MSS can cover is called a cell [16].
Figure 6 shows the mobile computing institution’s configuration. The right-hand image is an abstract representation of the left-hand image. It is easy to get the terms mobile support station (MSS) and base station (BaseStation) mixed up. Many publications currently treat base station and MSS as one concept, but there are differences. A base station, we believe, is a wireless transceiver installed at a fixed location that is connected to a wireless communication network. A base station can typically connect and transfer any cellular phone in its coverage area to the wired network [17].
The channel gain under the reference distance and line-of-sight link of the communication model in mobile computing is expressed as
After considering the influencing factors, the transmission rate of the wireless network can be expressed as
In the computational model, the local execution delay can be expressed as
The energy consumed is thus expressed as
The processing delay of the mobile computing server is divided into two parts, and one part is the transmission delay. The calculation formula is
The other part is
When it performs calculations on mobile computing, the power is
The energy consumed by the mobile computing server for computing can be represent as
The optimization problem can be expressed as
The predicted value formula can be obtained:
The policy gradient is updated through the chain rule, which is
Using two gradients, the network can be updated with the following approximation:
It updates the target net, which can be formulated as
System states can be defined as
The reward function set by the algorithm is as follows:
It updates the network by minimizing the loss function to get the formula
Finally, the trained network obtains
3.3. The Innovation of College Education Management in the Period of BD
3.3.1. Innovating the Idea and Occurrence to University Education Governance in the Period of BD
In the previous educational model, teaching makings were a more representative project created by some teachers based on teaching experience materials, but there are also great limitations. The national education effect response is not complete and true statistics. So, the traditional model is limited by development. We can see that the period of Hadoop is fundamentally changing this situation. We can find that the period of BD is fundamentally changing this situation. First of all, in the era of BD, we can quickly process existing materials according to network surveys and scientific statistics. Using this method, we were able to find out the strengths and weaknesses of the textbook in the shortest possible time. But these advantages and disadvantages often lack too much subjective awareness [18].
3.3.2. The Period of BD Has Innovated the Education Type of Colleges
This model is still the concentration of teaching resources, university education resources can only be concentrated in the university, and other universities and society cannot spread. But in the era of BD, this centralized teaching mode will be fundamentally changed. Teachers can upload their courses to the network through the network. On the one hand, it allows students to listen repeatedly to deepen their impression and grasp the key points. Online teaching has a wide audience, it is lectured by students and social personnel in universities or other universities, so this shows that online education makes the scope of education no longer limited to universities [19].
3.3.3. The Period of BD Has Innovated the Evaluation Type of College Education
In education evaluation, BD is used for analysis, and the technical level is used to evaluate and analyze teaching, so as to improve the overall quality of education. With the advent of the era of BD, its evaluation of education is not limited to subjective assumptions and personal experience, but has become an objective evaluation with data support [20].
4. Experiments and Analysis of Innovative Ways of College Education
4.1. The Current Situation of Education in Colleges in the Era of BD
The ideological and political construction of college courses is an important method to improve the ideological and political awareness of college students. It plays an important role in helping university clubs establish correct values, world outlook, sense of responsibility, and mission. However, in the process of ideological and political construction of college courses, there are inevitably some construction problems. This chapter conducts a questionnaire survey on college administrators, college teachers, and college students as the study objects in order to effectively analyze the achievements and existing problems of the ideological and political construction of college courses. It summarizes the achievements, existing problems, and innovation paths of the ideological and political construction of Chinese colleges, based on a detailed analysis of the survey results.
It refers to interview questions and questionnaires on the ideological and political construction of college courses from some colleges in order to better understand the dilemma and formulates a questionnaire on the ideological and political innovation of college courses [21].
The questionnaire included a total of 22 questions, and 300 questionnaires were distributed through offline and online forms. The selected research universities are j university and k university [22]. The basic information of the surveyed teachers and students is shown in Tables 2 and 3.
The two colleges can represent the development level of Chinese colleges to a certain extent, and the representativeness is strong. In the distribution of the questionnaires, 150 copies of each of j university and k university. After the questionnaires were distributed, 300 questionnaires were collected offline and online, 300 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires reached 100% [23].
Some college teachers and students struggle to agree with the educational concept of curriculum ideological and political construction when it comes to the idea of college curriculum education. They have some resistance to ideological and political curriculum reform, or there is no resistance but a lack of understanding, resulting in the phenomenon of incomplete ideological and political curriculum reform. According to Figure 7, 7% of college students are more resistant to the ideological and political construction of the curriculum, believing it to be very boring. It is not necessary to integrate ideological and political courses into the teaching of professional courses, according to 5.33 percent of respondents. When asked how much they agreed with the concept of education in the curriculum, 44 percent of respondents said it was generally acceptable. 7% of those polled said they could accept it to a limited extent, while 3.33 percent said it was almost unacceptably bad.
(a)
(b)
Then for the level of university innovation collaboration, we made statistics on j university and k university. It is found that the problems that cause collaboration are mainly reflected in the course content and teaching mode. We investigate the effect of this on the effect of university curriculum collaboration. The results are shown in Figure 8. The two universities maintain almost the same attitude toward curriculum innovation and collaboration. Most people still think that the effect is obvious and can enhance the interaction between disciplines. However, there are also a small number of people who think that the effect is very poor, and some courses have conflicting schedules.
(a)
(b)
Due to the lack of systematic and professional training courses in the ideological and political construction of the curriculum, it is difficult to guarantee the professional quality of teachers at the ideological and political level. For this problem, the school has increased the support for training. As for the innovation of young teachers’ teaching capacity, statistics were also made on the survey of students of the two universities. The results are shown in Figure 9. It can be found that most students feel that the teacher’s innovation ability is very good, and some feel that the teacher’s teaching ability needs innovation.
(a)
(b)
As for the degree of effect of the innovative reform of education in school curriculum, we also conducted a survey on the students of these two schools. The results are shown in Figure 10. It can be seen that most students are generally satisfied with the effect of school education reform, and only a few are not very satisfied. Others feel that the effect is not obvious.
(a)
(b)
4.2. Problems Existing in College Education Innovation in the Period of BD and Mobile
4.2.1. Lack of Strong Organizational Leadership
The main reason for the existing problems of theoretical construction and system formulation in education in colleges is failed strong organizational leadership. In the questionnaire data, 78% of teachers believe that the lack of correct organizational leadership is one of the reasons for the matter in the interpretation of the education mechanism in colleges. Now, the interpretation of the education mechanism in many colleges is in a “free” development stage. There is no corresponding work system and no clear work arrangement, and it is in a state of “unorganized and without leadership.”
4.2.2. The Joint Operation Force Has Not Yet Been Formed
The education of college courses essentially contains the concept of “collaborative” work. The ideological and political education mechanism of curriculum is based on coordinating the relationship between various departments and educating factors in colleges and universities, so as to form a development model and working method of mutual cooperation and mutual promotion. Therefore, the quality of the construction of the collaborative work operation mechanism greatly affects the quality of the construction of the curriculum education mechanism. Combined with the survey data, 86% of teachers believe that the lack of synergy among the various parts is another important reason for the problems of mechanism construction.
4.2.3. Lack of Widespread Recognition of the Concept of Education in Curriculum
The concept of curriculum education is useful in the construction of curriculum education mechanism. Only the recognition of the concept can facilitate the continuous growth of things. 77% of teachers believe that the lack of recognition of the concept of curriculum ideological and political education is also one of the reasons for the problems in the construction of curriculum ideological and political education mechanism. However, in the interpretation of the education mechanism in university, there is a lot of matter in the concept of curriculum education. Conceptual disapproval is manifested in insufficient attention, going through the motions, “labeling,” and exclusion.
4.2.4. A Complete Support and Guarantee System Has Not Yet Been Formed
The construction of the education mechanism in colleges must be based on certain conditions, whether it is the further development of the work or the maintenance of the achievements that have been achieved. Through the corresponding support and guarantee system, it provides the material conditions and human resources for the growth of the interpretation of the course education mechanism. At present, the construction of the education mechanism in colleges presents the situation of insufficient development momentum and fragmented development. The reason is that there is no good support system. It cannot bring policy inclination and material and economic support to the construction of the mechanism, which leads to the inability of many work to be carried out or the quality cannot be effectively guaranteed.
4.3. Path Innovation of Education in Colleges in the Period of BD and Mobile
If a thing wants to develop, it must have a path suitable for its development. In the era of BD, profound changes have taken place in the way of information dissemination, the diversified characteristics of information, and the ideas and behaviors of college students. Students’ autonomy in information dissemination has been significantly enhanced. In the era of Hadoop, education in colleges still takes classroom teaching as the most important way and attaches great importance to the practical teaching of education courses. Moreover, it should also externalize education in daily specific activities, so college students can get subtle ideological education in various activities. Ideological and political educators in colleges and universities must learn to unite forces from all walks of life to carry out ideological and political education activities. It is necessary to optimize the existing path of ideological and political education in colleges and universities with the help of big data, and actively explore new paths of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.
4.3.1. Improving the Information Literacy of Ideological and Political Educators in Colleges
For any organization to seize the opportunity of BD, the most important thing is that any organization needs talents to manage and analyze BD. These people are called “data scientists.” Now, the demand for BD is growing rapidly, but there is a shortage of talents in Hadoop, and the application of mega data in the field of education has just started. It is essential to cultivate the mega data thinking of ideological and political educators in colleges, and improve the ability of ideological and political educators in colleges to use BD technology.
In the evaluation index of ideological and political educators in colleges, educators are the primary part of education. Schoolmen guide specific teaching and management. Teachers are the main bearers and useful in the education of university students. Evaluation indicators are also very important. The specific design shown in Table 4.
The evaluation standard of college students’ ideological behavior is an important aspect of education for college students. By participating in education activities, they cultivate a correct outlook on the world, life, and career, and improve their moral quality. Colleges can use BD technology to formulate objective evaluation indicators. The specific design is shown in Table 5.
4.3.2. Using BD Technology to Build a Mega Data Platform for Education in Colleges
BD consists of large-scale structured and unstructured data. The most typical example of structured data is relational database tables. The number, length, and type of fields in each record are fixed. Unstructured data (such as text, pictures, various types of enterprise reports, audio, and video) are data that are inconvenient to be represented by the binary logic of the database. There is another type of semi-structured data, that is, the data are self-describing, and the content and structure are mixed together, such as XMI, HTML, and JSON format objects. The premise of processing and analyzing these complex data is to establish a large database. It is essential to establish a BD storage platform for education in colleges, a mega data display platform for education in colleges, and mega data sharing platform for education in colleges.
4.3.3. Standardize the Use of Mega Data in the Field of Education in Colleges
In the era of BD, mega data analysis not only brought in many expedience to some industries, but also creates huge profits for him. This behavior affects people’s “ambition” to collect, store, and recycle citizens’ personal data. For example, Taobao will quickly capture what each person wants to buy recently based on personal Web browsing records, and then intelligently recommend relevant links to you. As storage costs plummet, analytics tools are also becoming more up-to-date. At the same time, the amount and scale of data collected and stored have grown exponentially. This requires ideological and political educators in colleges to enhance the awareness of data security use and establish a BD security use system.
4.3.4. Using BD to Optimize the Teaching Methods of Education in Colleges
In the era of BD, educational approaches are more diverse, but the main approach of education in colleges is still classroom teaching. The traditional classroom teaching method is mainly based on the teaching method, and the classroom is relatively dull and boring. It will be more engaging, and students will be more willing to participate. It should use mega data to enhance the reliability of explicit education in colleges and use BD to enhance the interest of implicit education in colleges.
5. Discussion
This paper focuses on researching and designing innovative college education methods during the BD and mobile computing eras, as well as applying it to the complex analysis and processing of college education innovation. It is a new attempt to research the complexity of innovation methods in colleges, as well as expanding the application scope of mobile computing. By looking into the current state of education in colleges, we can use big data and mobile computing to investigate the system’s complexity. This article introduces and explains the most fundamental concepts and calculation formulas for research in the period of BD and mobile computing. As a research object, this successfully combines the period of BD and mobile computing with innovative ways of college education. It uses the survey method to obtain valid data and analyzes these data in many ways during the empirical analysis stage. The results show that the obtained outcomes are consistent with the current situation.
The analysis of this case reveals that even in the age of big data and mobile computing, there are still many issues with college education innovation. However, it is possible to make better innovations in this environment. Colleges can use BD and mobile computing functions to designate innovative methods suitable for their own education when making specific practical decisions. It chooses project strategies that are reasonable and flexible, and it calculates and analyzes existing problems. It chooses the best data solution for the most efficient educational innovation.
This paper takes the current situation of education in two colleges as a case study. It firstly determines the relevance of the three through the explanation of terms and formulas in the period of BD and mobile computing and qualitative analysis. It then analyzes the obtained data through a questionnaire survey on the educational status of the two schools. It draws the matters in the current innovation methods of university education and finally formulates corresponding solutions for the problems.
6. Conclusions
Through the case study, important conclusions were drawn: in the context of the period of BD and mobile computing, there are still a lot of matters in the innovative way of education in colleges. We need to make more reasonable suggestions for the innovative way of college education. But this is not absolute, such as the two universities in this case. This requires researchers to conduct a more detailed study and quantitative analysis of the combination of programs in order to determine more effective data results. The project discussed in this paper is a research on innovative methods of college education based on the period of BD and mobile computing, and the selection of projects is relatively limited. In fact, colleges will often face many choices, and the actual college education innovation should be analyzed in combination with multiple factors. Such research would be of greater value, and of course it would be more difficult. However, what is worth looking forward to is that there will be more and more researches on innovative methods of higher education in the future. The domestic emphasis on ideological and political education will also increase. It will also do better and better in the aspect of higher education innovation.
Data Availability
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the author upon request.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.