The Staircase Structure of the Southern  Brazilian Continental Shelf

<table>Representation of the
gaps <svg height="12.8" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.4375 12.8" width="19.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.76)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑆</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.95,67.01)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"></tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"></tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>, <svg height="12.8" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 12.8" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.76)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑆</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.95,67.01)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"></tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>, and <svg height="10.725" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.375 10.725" width="11.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝑆</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>, used to estimate the fractal dimension <svg height="14.3875" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.5625 14.3875" width="18.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.49)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐷</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">0</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> of the
complementary set, using (<a href="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2009/624861/figures/#eq7">3.7</a>).</table>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

The Staircase Structure of the Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf

Figure 4