Research Article

A New Hybrid Nelder-Mead Particle Swarm Optimization for Coordination Optimization of Directional Overcurrent Relays

Figure 10

Objective function values by PSO, original NM-PSO, and proposed NM-PSO algorithms for the MINLP problem with for four different populations.
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(a) IEEE 8-bus test system (MINLP problem)
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(b) IEEE 14-bus test system (MINLP problem)