Parameter Identification of Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment Bioprocesses Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 2

Influence of the algorithm type.

Estimated parameter	“Real” value	Type of optimization algorithm
		PSO-1	PSO-2	PSO-3
𝜃1	5.5	5.5613	5.5849	5.4338
𝜃2	1	1.0405	1.0083	0.8406
𝜃3	16	15.2050	14.9971	15.6475
𝜃4	10	10.0848	10.1252	9.9468
𝜃5	1.5	1.5721	1.6422	1.1698
𝜃6	0.2	0.2022	0.2040	0.3005
𝜃7	3	2.8006	2.7916	2.7569
𝜃8	0.2	0.1990	0.1975	0.2286
𝜃9	0.6	0.5993	0.6311	0.6594
𝜃10	0.75	0.9991	1.1153	0.4728
𝜃11	4	3.5221	3.3470	4.0707
𝜃12	20	20.9257	20.5048	20.0971
NMSE	0	3.0717e − 04	0.0283	0.3845