Analysis of Hysteresis-Free Creep of the Stack Piezoelectric Actuator

Figure 5

Creep increment of 3 V staircase input voltage with different durations. (a) 1 s; (b) 0.1 s; (c) 0.05 s; (d) 0.01 s.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)