Biogeography-Based Optimization with Orthogonal Crossover

Figure 1

Illustrations of using crossover to generate new offspring in two-dimension space. (𝑥₁,𝑦₁),  (𝑥₂,𝑦₂) are their parents; the others are offspring. (a) GA crossover operator, (b) migration operator, and (c) orthogonal crossover operator.

(a)

(b)

(c)