An Adaptive FEM for Buckling Analysis of Nonuniform Bernoulli-Euler Members via the Element Energy Projection Technique

Table 1

Critical buckling loads (𝜆) of clamped-clamped column of Example 4.

Mode type	Present method	Reference [2]	ODE solver method [3]	DSM [4]
Symmetrical	52.35625427	52.3563	52.35625427	52.35625427
Antisymmetrical	52.35625424	52.3563	52.35625427	52.35625428