Research Article

Implementation of Fictitious Crack Model Using Contact Finite Element Method for the Crack Propagation in Concrete under Cyclic Load

Figure 3

Loading/unloading model for crack propagation under cyclic load. (a) Elastic loading and unloading model, (b) Hordijk-Reinhardt model, and (c) Toumi model.
726317.fig.003a
(a)
726317.fig.003b
(b)
726317.fig.003c
(c)