Buckling Analyses of Axially Functionally Graded Nonuniform Columns with Elastic Restraint Using a Localized Differential Quadrature Method

Table 2

Non dimensional critical buckling loads (𝛼=𝑃𝐿²/𝐸𝐼) for uniform homogeneous columns with continuous elastic restraint (𝛽=𝑘𝐿⁴/𝐸𝐼).

BC	𝛽=0				𝛽=50				𝛽=100
	Exact [8]	Reference [21]	Reference [30]	LDQM	Exact [8]	Reference [21]	Reference [30]	LDQM	Exact [8]	Reference [21]	Reference [30]	LDQM
C-P	20.1907	20.1908	20.190729	20.190729	24.2852	24.2855	24.285198	24.285198	28.3066	28.3080	28.306631	28.306631
P-P	9.8696	9.8696	9.869604	9.869604	14.9357	14.9357	14.935664	14.935664	20.0017	20.0017	20.001723	20.001723
C-G	9.8696	9.8696	9.869604	9.869604	23.5717	23.5722	23.571661	23.571659	32.6690	32.6482	32.668976	32.668976
C-F	2.4674	2.4674	2.467401	2.467401	8.8614	8.8614	8.861396	8.861396	11.9964	11.9964	11.996413	11.996413