Simultaneous-Fault Diagnosis of Automotive Engine Ignition Systems Using Prior Domain Knowledge and Relevance Vector Machine

Table 10

Evaluation results of the binarization approach and the proposed framework for fault diagnosis.

	Binarization		Proposed framework
Feature Extraction	None	WPT + PCA + DK	WPT + PCA + DK
Classification	SVM	SVM	PCRVM
threshold	None	None	PSO-optimized threshold = 0.7147
𝐹-measure over 𝑇𝐸𝑆𝑇
Overall cases	0.4518	0.6792	0.8891
Single fault cases	0.4500	0.7404	0.9567
Simultaneous fault cases	0.4528	0.6455	0.7714