How to Choose “Last Mile” Delivery Modes for E-Fulfillment

Table 1

Time spent situation in AHD with two kinds of vehicles.

Items	Modes
	Electrotricycle	Light-weight van
Total distance (km)	42.16	41.65
Number of orders	744	744
Stopping times	30	30
Number of vehicles	8	8
𝑡^road (min)	84.3	41.7
𝑡^𝑠 (min)	60	60
𝑡^service (min)	3720	3720
Buffering time (min)	20	20
Total time (min)	3884	3841.7
Average time per order (min)	5.22	5.16