Flower Pollination Algorithm with Dimension by Dimension Improvement

Algorithm 2

FPA with dimension by dimension improvement (DDIFPA).

Objective min or max

Initialize a population of flowers/pollen gametes with random solutions

Find the best solution in the initial population

while ()

   for   (all flowers in the population)

     Get according to formula (2);

     if rand <

     Draw a (d-dimensional) step vector which obeys a Lévy distribution

     Global pollination via ;

     else

     Draw from a uniform distribution in ;

     Local pollination via ;

     where ;

     end if

     Evaluate new solutions via DDEIS

     If new solutions are better, update them in the population

   end for

     find the current best solution

end while