Pattern Synthesis of Planar Nonuniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using a Chaotic Adaptive Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm

Figure 3

Convergence characteristic of IWO, MIWO, and CAIWO over four benchmarks. (a) Sphere. (b) Rastrigin. (c) Ackley. (d) Griewank.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)