Potential Field Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Evacuation in a Domain with a Ramp

Figure 1

Illustration of the walking domain with a ramp. The walking domain Ω (gray) is constructed by three subdomains 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶; level subdomains 𝐴 and 𝐶 are connected by ramp 𝐵. Here, 𝐿_𝐴, 𝐿_𝐵, and 𝐿_𝐶 are the lengths of subdomains, respectively; the black arrow indicates the direction of motion.