Unavailability Analysis for k-out-of-n:G Systems with Multiple Failure Modes Based on Micro-Markov Models

Table 4

Comparison of PFD_avg results by 𝑀₀, 𝑀₁, and 𝑀₂.

𝜆DU=7.5𝐸−06/h, 𝜆DD=0, MRT = 0 h, 1 year = 8760 h, 𝛽=0
System type	T 1 (year)	𝑀0	𝑀1	𝑀2	RE1 (%)	RE2 (%)
1oo3	0.5	8.52𝐸−06	8.44𝐸−06	8.86𝐸−06	9.79𝐸−01	−4.01𝐸+00
	1	6.56𝐸−05	6.43𝐸−05	7.09𝐸−05	1.94𝐸+00	−8.15𝐸+00
	4	3.34𝐸−03	3.09𝐸−03	4.54𝐸−03	7.33𝐸+00	−3.60𝐸+01
2oo3	0.5	1.04𝐸−03	1.03𝐸−03	1.08𝐸−03	8.21𝐸−01	−4.17𝐸+00
	1	3.98𝐸−03	3.91𝐸−03	4.32𝐸−03	1.64𝐸+00	−8.48𝐸+00
	4	5.03𝐸−02	4.72𝐸−02	6.91𝐸−02	6.17𝐸+00	−3.73𝐸+01
3oo3	0.5	4.77𝐸−02	4.70𝐸−02	4.93𝐸−02	1.54𝐸+00	−3.31𝐸+00
	1	9.24𝐸−02	8.97𝐸−02	9.86𝐸−02	2.89𝐸+00	−6.68𝐸+00
	4	3.08𝐸−01	2.83𝐸−01	3.94𝐸−01	8.25𝐸+00	−2.79𝐸+01