Research Article
Evolutionary Voting-Based Extreme Learning Machines
Table 2
Comparison results among ELM, V-ELM, and EV-ELM algorithms using benchmark UCI and face databases.
| ā | Database | Algorithms | Number of nodes | Number of ensembles | Training time (s) | Testing accuracy (%) | Standard deviation (%) |
| UCI | Balance | ELM | 100 | NA | 0.06 | 89.56 | 1.35 | V-ELM | 100 | 20 | 1.22 | 90.24 | 0.68 | EV-ELM | 100 | 20 | 3.16 | 90.84 | 0.67 | Diabetes | ELM | 30 | NA | 0.06 | 76.65 | 1.73 | V-ELM | 30 | 20 | 0.35 | 78.67 | 0.69 | EV-ELM | 30 | 20 | 2.27 | 79.18 | 0.66 | Digit | ELM | 200 | NA | 1.15 | 96.98 | 0.23 | V-ELM | 200 | 20 | 28.51 | 97.18 | 0.08 | EV-ELM | 200 | 20 | 30.77 | 97.30 | 0.07 | Hayes | ELM | 60 | NA | 0.01 | 74.64 | 5.63 | V-ELM | 60 | 20 | 0.41 | 78.42 | 3.58 | EV-ELM | 60 | 20 | 2.51 | 79.93 | 3.21 | Heart | ELM | 20 | NA | 0.01 | 79.01 | 2.82 | V-ELM | 20 | 20 | 0.19 | 82.14 | 1.25 | EV-ELM | 20 | 20 | 1.99 | 82.78 | 1.12 | Iris | ELM | 20 | NA | 0.01 | 97.20 | 1.39 | V-ELM | 20 | 20 | 0.12 | 98.00 | 0.70 | EV-ELM | 20 | 20 | 2.16 | 98.00 | 0.39 | Monk1 | ELM | 100 | NA | 0.05 | 78.15 | 2.63 | V-ELM | 100 | 20 | 0.79 | 85.79 | 1.37 | EV-ELM | 100 | 20 | 2.82 | 87.23 | 1.17 | Monk2 | ELM | 100 | NA | 0.06 | 78.84 | 2.07 | V-ELM | 100 | 20 | 0.91 | 83.51 | 0.82 | EV-ELM | 100 | 20 | 3.21 | 83.81 | 0.75 | Monk3 | ELM | 100 | NA | 0.06 | 80.62 | 3.13 | V-ELM | 100 | 20 | 0.68 | 89.00 | 1.03 | EV-ELM | 100 | 20 | 2.68 | 89.48 | 0.97 | Sonar | ELM | 60 | NA | 0.01 | 77.25 | 3.44 | V-ELM | 60 | 20 | 0.29 | 86.79 | 1.95 | EV-ELM | 60 | 20 | 2.23 | 87.17 | 1.77 | Waveform | ELM | 200 | NA | 0.44 | 84.87 | 0.52 | V-ELM | 200 | 20 | 12.71 | 86.44 | 0.21 | EV-ELM | 200 | 20 | 14.77 | 86.60 | 0.19 | Wine | ELM | 20 | NA | 0.01 | 97.31 | 1.50 | V-ELM | 20 | 20 | 0.12 | 98.89 | 0.85 | EV-ELM | 20 | 20 | 2.21 | 99.36 | 0.69 |
| Face | Combo | ELM | 200 | NA | 0.21 | 84.88 | 1.06 | V-ELM | 200 | 20 | 5.16 | 87.80 | 0.60 | EV-ELM | 200 | 20 | 7.58 | 88.42 | 0.59 | FERET | ELM | 100 | NA | 0.12 | 41.85 | 0.80 | V-ELM | 100 | 20 | 7.19 | 49.06 | 0.49 | EV-ELM | 100 | 20 | 13.95 | 49.20 | 0.47 | GTFD | ELM | 200 | NA | 0.19 | 54.86 | 2.01 | V-ELM | 200 | 20 | 4.60 | 66.91 | 1.39 | EV-ELM | 200 | 20 | 6.77 | 67.14 | 1.26 |
|
|