Lag, Anticipated, and Complete Synchronization and Cascade Control in the Dynamical Systems

Figure 10

The orbits of error states: (a)𝑒₁=𝑋(𝑡−𝜏)−𝜖₁𝑥(𝑡), (b)𝑒₃=𝑌(𝑡−𝜏)−𝜖₃𝑦(𝑡), and (c)𝑒₄=𝑍(𝑡−𝜏)−𝜖₄𝑧(𝑡).

(a)

(b)

(c)