Lag, Anticipated, and Complete Synchronization and Cascade Control in the Dynamical Systems

Figure 5

The orbits of error states: (a)𝑒₁=𝛿₁𝑥_𝑚(𝑡)−𝜖₁𝑥_𝑠(𝑡−𝜏), (b)𝑒₂=𝛿₂𝑦_𝑚(𝑡)−𝜖₂𝑦_𝑠(𝑡−𝜏), and (c)𝑒₃=𝛿₃𝑧_𝑚(𝑡)−𝜖₃𝑧_𝑠(𝑡−𝜏).

(a)

(b)

(c)