Research Article

Fusion Global-Local-Topology Particle Swarm Optimization for Global Optimization Problems

Table 12

Comparison of FGLT-PSO with PSO, LPSO, and QIPSO for the unimodal and multimodal functions using Wilcoxon’s rank sum test ( ).

FunctionWilcoxon’s rank sum testPSOLPSOQIPSO

value3.0199e − 0113.0199e − 0113.0199e − 011
-value111
-value−6.6456−6.6456−6.6456

value2.9673e − 0113.0199e − 0112.9229e − 011
-value111
-value−6.64819−6.6456−6.65041

value3.0199e − 0113.0199e − 0113.0199e − 011
-value111
-value−6.6456−6.6456−6.6456

value2.5306e − 0043.9881e − 0043.1589e − 010
-value11−1
-value−3.65915−3.540876.29077

value6.1210e − 0109.7555e − 0101.2870e − 009
-value111
-value−6.18728−6.11336−6.06901

value2.8790e − 0069.3341e − 0022.5711e − 007
-value101
-value−4.67927−1.67803−5.15244

value7.7050e − 0063.0199e − 0111.4811e − 011
-value−1−1−1
-value4.473226.64566.74974

value7.7087e − 0028.2796e − 0031.4193e − 007
-value0−1−1
-value1.767842.640455.26273

value3.3384e − 0113.3384e − 0114.6159e − 010
-value111
-value−6.63081−6.63081−6.23164

1 (better)766
0 (same)110
−1 (worse)123